The Grey Havens

r4sus2-sources-2.6.18.ebuild

2006-11-25T19:45:00.000+08:00

The reiser4 patch for 2.6.18 kernel is finally out! This ebuild is based on gentoo-sources-2.6.18-r3.ebuild, but I've removed the ultra1, sparc stuff. So it's again Gentoo-sources + Suspend2 + Reiser4.

# Copyright 1999-2006 Gentoo Foundation
# Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2
# $Header: r4sus2-sources-2.6.18.ebuild, 2006/11/25 $

ETYPE="sources"
K_WANT_GENPATCHES="base extras"
K_GENPATCHES_VER="4"
R4V="-3"
SUSPEND2_VERSION="2"

inherit eutils kernel-2
detect_version
detect_arch

KEYWORDS="~amd64 ~x86"
HOMEPAGE="http://dev.gentoo.org/~dsd/genpatches  http://www.suspend2.net http://www.namesys.com/v4/v4.html"

DESCRIPTION="Full sources including the gentoo patchset, Software Suspend 2 and the Reiser4 patchset"

SUSPEND2_SRC="suspend2-patches-${CKV}-${SUSPEND2_VERSION}.tar.bz2"
SUSPEND2_URI="http://dev.gentoo.org/~phreak/distfiles/${SUSPEND2_SRC}"

UNIPATCH_LIST="${DISTDIR}/${SUSPEND2_SRC} ${DISTDIR}/reiser4-for-${PV}${R4V}.patch.gz"
UNIPATCH_STRICTORDER="yes"

SRC_URI="${KERNEL_URI} ${GENPATCHES_URI} ${ARCH_URI} ${SUSPEND2_URI} ftp://ftp.namesys.com/pub/reiser4-for-${KV_MAJOR}.${KV_MINOR}/${PV}/reiser4-for-${PV}${R4V}.patch.gz"

pkg_postinst() {
 postinst_sources

 echo

 einfo "For more info on this patchset, and how to report problems, see:"
 einfo "${HOMEPAGE}"
}

How to generate binary packages on the LiveCD

2006-10-13T16:47:00.000+08:00

In the LiveCD environment, open a terminal, type:

$ equery files gentoolkit | grep qpkg

to find the correct qpkg command. Then type:

$ /usr/share/doc/gentoolkit-0.2.2/deprecated/qpkg/qpkg -I | less

Copy the output, one page at a time to a textfile, say pkgs.txt. After you finish, open this textfile with vim. Then copy the following string:

$xj$xj$xj$xj$xj$xj$xj$xj$xj$xj$xj$xj$xj$xj$xj$xj

In the command mode, press Shift-Insert repeatedly until all the * at the end of each line disappear. Notice what the last line looks like. For 2006.1 LiveCD, it should be "x11-wm/twm". If somehow it got truncated, press u to get it back. Save the file and exit.
Then mount the relevant directory on the hardisk partition where you're going to install Gentoo, assuming you have already unpacked the snapshot on the LiveCD:

# mount -o bind /mnt/gentoo/usr/portage /usr/portage

Then execute the following command:

# for all x in `cat /path/to/pkgs.txt`; do quickpkg $x; done

Then you should be able to install these binary packages in the chroot environment by issuing commands like "emerge -K packagename".

Quota

2006-08-22T18:49:00.000+08:00

1: Check kernel options.

File systems -->
 [*] Quota support
 < >   Old quota format support
 <*>   Quota format v2 support

Usually I use Quota format v2, if compiled as a module, it is called "quota_v2".

2: Check whether the "quota" package is installed.

# emerge -av quota

3: Modify /etc/fstab file.
To enable user quota support for that partition, add "usrquota" to the options such as below:

/dev/hda6     /home           reiserfs            noatime,usrquota,grpquota   0 0

To enable group quota, add "grpquota" as well.

4: Remount the partition that you have modified or added in quota support:

# mount -o remount /home

If it does not work, reboot.

5: Quota Check:

# /sbin/quotacheck -cguvamf -F vfsv0

6: Rerun Quota Check for old version (optional)

# /sbin/quotacheck -cguvamf -F vfsold

7: Turn on Quotas:

# /sbin/quotaon -a

To see the report of quotas, issue this command:

# repquota -as

To set a user quota, issue the following command:

# setquota -u NAME BLOCK-SOFTLIMIT BLOCK-HARDLIMIT
       INODE-SORFLIMIT INODE-HARDLIMIT -a

Where:
NAME is the user
BLOCK-SOFTLIMIT in kilobytes
BLOCK-HARDLIMIT in kilobytes
INODE-SORFLIMIT set it to 0 normally
INODE-HARDLIMIT set it to 0 also

Or use the "edquota" command:

#  edquota -u USERNAME

Hard limit works only when grace period is set. It specifies the absolute limit on the disk usage, which a quota user can't go beyond his hard limit. Users are permitted to exceed their soft limits for a grace period that may be specified per filesystem. Once the grace period has expired, the soft limit is enforced as a hard limit. To set the grace period:

# edquota -ut

Check quota as a user:

$ quota -s

Note: "/etc/init.d/quota start" doesn't work, I don't know why. I have to add "/sbin/quotaon -a" to /etc/conf.d/local.start to activate quota on boot.

Make mplayerplug-in work with Opera

2006-08-04T02:21:00.000+08:00

If you have installed mplayerplug-in (3.25) and Opera (9.00) from portage, you'll find that the plug-ins work with mozilla-firefox but not Opera. To make it work, you need to compile it manually. First, unpack the source somewhere:

# tar xzvf /usr/portage/distfiles/mplayerplug-in-3.25.tar.gz -C /tmp
# cd /tmp/mplayerplug-in

Then you need to edit a file:

# nano -w plugingate/np_entry.cpp

Look for lines 108 and 109 - the ones like the following:

if(aNPNFuncs->size < sizeof(NPNetscapeFuncs))          
      return NPERR_INVALID_FUNCTABLE_ERROR;

Comment them out by inserting "//" in front of each line:

//if(aNPNFuncs->size < sizeof(NPNetscapeFuncs))          
//      return NPERR_INVALID_FUNCTABLE_ERROR;

Compile:

# ./configure --enable-x && make

To avoid mixing up the mplayerplug-ins in /opt/netscape/plugins (which work with mozilla-firefox), it's a good idea to install them in /opt/opera/lib/opera/plugins instead:

# cp -vi *.so *.xpt /opt/opera/lib/opera/plugins

and link the other plug-ins in /opt/netscape/plugins there:

# cd /opt/opera/lib/opera/plugins
# ls /opt/netscape/plugins
# ln -s /opt/netscape/plugins/flashplayer.xpt .
# ln -s /opt/netscape/plugins/libflashplayer.so .
# ln -s /opt/netscape/plugins/nphelix.so .

Then you need to prevent Opera from searching plug-ins in /opt/netscape/plugins. To do this, as a user:

$ nano -w ~/.opera/pluginpath.ini

Change the value for "/opt/netscape/plugins=" to 2 or 0.

To test it, start Opera, go to http://www.apple.com/trailers/. If your mplayer has been compiled with right USE flags, you should be able to watch these trailers in Opera now.

r4sus2-gentoo-sources-2.6.17.ebuild

2006-08-02T13:39:00.000+08:00

Again with Gentoo-sources + Reiser4 + Software Suspend 2, it's based on gentoo-sources-2.6.17-r4.

# Copyright 1999-2006 Gentoo Foundation
# Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2
# $Header: $

ETYPE="sources"
K_WANT_GENPATCHES="base extras"
K_GENPATCHES_VER="5"
R4V="-3"

inherit kernel-2
detect_version
detect_arch

KEYWORDS="~amd64 ~x86"
HOMEPAGE="http://dev.gentoo.org/~dsd/genpatches  http://www.suspend2.net http://www.namesys.com/v4/v4.html"

DESCRIPTION="Full sources including the gentoo patchset, Software Suspend 2 and the Reiser4 patchset"

SUSPEND2_VERSION="2.2.7.1"
SUSPEND2_TARGET="2.6.17"
SUSPEND2_SRC="suspend2-${SUSPEND2_VERSION}-for-${SUSPEND2_TARGET}"
SUSPEND2_URI="http://www.suspend2.net/downloads/all/${SUSPEND2_SRC}.tar.bz2"

UNIPATCH_LIST="${DISTDIR}/${SUSPEND2_SRC}.tar.bz2 ${DISTDIR}/reiser4-for-${PV}${R4V}.patch.gz"
UNIPATCH_STRICTORDER="yes"

SRC_URI="${KERNEL_URI} ${GENPATCHES_URI} ${ARCH_URI} ${SUSPEND2_URI} ftp://ftp.namesys.com/pub/reiser4-for-${KV_MAJOR}.${KV_MINOR}/${PV}/reiser4-for-${PV}${R4V}.patch.gz"

pkg_postinst() {
 postinst_sources

 echo

 einfo "For more info on this patchset, and how to report problems, see:"
 einfo "${HOMEPAGE}"
}

File security

2006-08-01T22:40:00.000+08:00

File protection with chmod

chmod 400 file - To protect a file against accidental overwriting.
chmod 500 directory - To protect yourself from accidentally removing, renaming or moving files from this directory.
chmod 600 file - A private file only changeable by the user who entered this command.
chmod 644 file - A publicly readable file that can only be changed by the issuing user.
chmod 660 file - Users belonging to your group can change this file, others don't have any access to it at all.
chmod 700 file - Protects a file against any access from other users, while the issuing user still has full access.
chmod 755 directory - For files that should be readable and executable by others, but only changeable by the issuing user.
chmod 775 file - Standard file sharing mode for a group.
chmod 777 file - Everybody can do everything to this file.

Logging on to another group

When you type id on the command line, you get a list of all the groups that you can possibly belong to. When initially connecting to a Gentoo system, a user will normally belong to the users group (the primary group for most users). To create new files that will belong to the groups other than the group users, a user can use the newgrp command to log into any of these groups. For example, to create files that are owned by the group audio, type:

$ newgrp audio

without having to use chgrp.

Sticky bit mode

When applied to a directory, it means a user can only change files in this directory when s/he is the user owner of the file or when the file has appropriate permissions. This feature is used on directories like /var/tmp, that have to be accessible for everyone, but where it is not appropriate for users to change or delete each other's data. The sticky bit is indicated by a t at the end of the file permission field:

$ ls -ld /var/tmp
drwxrwxrwt  9 root root 280 Aug  1 16:58 /var/tmp

The sticky bit is set using the command chmod o+t directory.

SGID (set group ID) on a directory

This is the standard way of sharing files in UNIX. Every file created in the directory will have the same group owner as the directory itself (while normal behavior would be that new files are owned by the users who create them). This way, users don't need to worry about file ownership when sharing directories:

$ mkdir ~/music
$ chgrp audio ~/music
$ chmod 775 ~/music

This will enable other users who belong to the audio group to write to the directory. But the files created will belong to the users group instead of the audio group. The solution is to set the SGID bit and all files subsequently placed there will have the group id of the directory automatically:

$ chmod g+s ~/music

Note: Files that are being moved to an SGID directory but were created elsewhere keep their original user and group owner.

Gentoo-sources + Reiser4 + Software Suspend 2

2006-05-21T18:43:00.000+08:00

The ebuild is based on gentoo-sources-2.6.16-r7, but I've removed the ultra1, sparc stuff. I call it r4sus2-gentoo-sources. To install:

# mkdir -p /usr/local/portage/sys-kernel/r4sus2-gentoo-sources

Copy the following r4sus2-gentoo-sources-2.6.16.ebuild to the directory just created:

# Copyright 1999-2006 Gentoo Foundation
# Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2
# $Header: $

ETYPE="sources"
K_WANT_GENPATCHES="base extras"
K_GENPATCHES_VER="9"
R4V="-2"
inherit kernel-2
detect_version
detect_arch

KEYWORDS="~amd64 ~x86"
HOMEPAGE="http://dev.gentoo.org/~dsd/genpatches http://www.suspend2.net http://www.namesys.com/v4/v4.html"

DESCRIPTION="Full sources including the Gentoo patchset, Software Suspend 2 and the Reiser4 patchset"

SUSPEND2_VERSION="2.2.5"
SUSPEND2_TARGET="2.6.16.9"
SUSPEND2_SRC="suspend2-${SUSPEND2_VERSION}-for-${SUSPEND2_TARGET}"
SUSPEND2_URI="http://www.suspend2.net/downloads/all/${SUSPEND2_SRC}.tar.bz2"

UNIPATCH_LIST="${DISTDIR}/${SUSPEND2_SRC}.tar.bz2 ${DISTDIR}/reiser4-for-${PV}${R4V}.patch.gz"
UNIPATCH_STRICTORDER="yes"

RDEPEND="${RDEPEND}
                >=sys-apps/suspend2-userui-0.6.1
                >=sys-power/hibernate-script-1.12"

SRC_URI="${KERNEL_URI} ${GENPATCHES_URI} ${ARCH_URI} ${SUSPEND2_URI} ftp://ftp.namesys.com/pub/reiser4-for-${KV_MAJOR}.${KV_MINOR}/${PV}/reiser4-for-${PV}${R4V}.patch.gz"

pkg_postinst() {
        postinst_sources

        echo

        einfo "For more info on this patchset, and how to report problems, see:"
        einfo "${HOMEPAGE}"
}

Then

# echo 'sys-kernel/r4sus2-gentoo-sources ~x86' >> /etc/portage/package.keywords
# ebuild /usr/local/portage/sys-kernel/r4sus2-gentoo-sources/r4sus2-gentoo-sources-2.6.16.ebuild digest
# USE="symlink" emerge -av r4sus2-gentoo-sources

If you just want Reiser4, don't want Software Suspend 2, you can change the ebuild to the following:

# Copyright 1999-2006 Gentoo Foundation
# Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2
# $Header: $

ETYPE="sources"
K_WANT_GENPATCHES="base extras"
K_GENPATCHES_VER="9"
R4V="-2"
inherit kernel-2
detect_version
detect_arch

KEYWORDS="~amd64 ~x86"
HOMEPAGE="http://dev.gentoo.org/~dsd/genpatches http://www.namesys.com/v4/v4.html"

DESCRIPTION="Full sources including the Gentoo patchset and the Reiser4 patchset"

UNIPATCH_LIST="${DISTDIR}/reiser4-for-${PV}${R4V}.patch.gz"

SRC_URI="${KERNEL_URI} ${GENPATCHES_URI} ${ARCH_URI} ftp://ftp.namesys.com/pub/reiser4-for-${KV_MAJOR}.${KV_MINOR}/${PV}/reiser4-for-${PV}${R4V}.patch.gz"

pkg_postinst() {
        postinst_sources

        echo

        einfo "For more info on this patchset, and how to report problems, see:"
        einfo "${HOMEPAGE}"
}

Ebuild for gretl

2006-04-16T21:22:00.000+08:00

Gnu Library gretl is a cross-platform software package for econometric analysis, written in the C programming language, http://gretl.sourceforge.net/. It is not in portage yet, and for a long time I couldn't get it installed on my Gentoo system (which is why I had that Debian excursion). Now finally I did it and with an ebuild!

The ebuild is based on Dan's attempt (http://bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=39966) and should work on a stable Gentoo system. Here's the content:

# Copyright 1999-2006 Gentoo Foundation
# Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2
# $Header: $

inherit eutils gnome2
DESCRIPTION="gretl is a cross-platform software package for econometric analysis"
HOMEPAGE="http://gretl.sourceforge.net/"
SRC_URI="mirror://sourceforge/${PN}/${P}.tar.bz2"
LICENSE="GPL-2"
SLOT="0"
KEYWORDS="~x86"
IUSE="gmp gnome gtk2 gtkextra ole2 readline sourceview"
DEPEND="x11-libs/gtk+
   dev-libs/libxml2
   sci-visualization/gnuplot
   sci-libs/lapack
   media-libs/gdk-pixbuf
   sourceview? (x11-libs/gtksourceview)
   readline? (sys-libs/readline)
   gnome? (gnome-base/gnome)
   gmp? (dev-libs/gmp)
   !gtk2 (
      ole2? (dev-libs/libole2)
   )"
RDEPEND=""

src_compile() {
   local myconf
   if ! use gtk2 ; then
      ewarn "Running ${PN} without GTK+-2.0 reduces functionality"
      myconf="${myconf} --without-gtk2"
      if ! use ole2 ; then
          myconf="${myconf} --without-libole2"
      fi
      if ! use gtkextra ; then
          myconf="${myconf} --without-gtkextra"
      fi
   fi
   if ! use gnome ; then
       myconf="${myconf} --without-gnome"
   fi
   econf  || die "configure failed"
   emake || die "emake failed"
}

src_install() {
   make check
   if use gnome ; then
      gnome2_src_install          gnome_prefix=${D}/usr          langdir=${D}/usr/share/gtksourceview-1.0/language-specs
   else
      make   prefix=${D}/usr           bindir=${D}/usr/bin           mandir=${D}/usr/share/man           infodir=${D}/usr/share/info           datadir=${D}/usr/share           gretldir=${D}/usr/share/gretl           localedir=${D}/usr/share/locale           langdir=${D}/usr/share/gtksourceview-1.0/language-specs          libdir=${D}/usr/$(get_libdir)           sysconfdir=${D}/etc          install || die
   fi
}

Before you install it, don't forget to:

Code:
# ebuild /usr/local/portage/sci-mathematics/gretl/gretl-1.5.1.ebuild digest

first.

Put portage stuff on LVM

2006-04-09T20:28:00.000+08:00

Recently I installed LVM2 on /dev/hda3.
First use fdisk to change partition type for /dev/hda3 to 8e (Linux LVM)(turns out this is unnecessary when using LVM 2, but still a good thing for disk management).
Recompile kernel:


Device Drivers  --->
 Multi-device support (RAID and LVM)  --->
   [*] Multiple devices driver support (RAID and LVM)
   < >   RAID support
   <*>   Device mapper support
   < >     Crypt target support

If "Device mapper support" is compiled as a module, add the module "dm-mod" to /etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.6.
Install the lvm2 package:

# emerge lvm2

Edit /etc/lvm/lvm.conf, find the line:

 filter = [ "a/.*/" ]

Replace it with the following one to scan /dev/hda and /dev/hdb and reject anything else:

 filter = [ "a|/dev/hd[ab]|", "r/.*/" ]

Then reboot. Now prepare the partition:

# pvcreate /dev/hda3

This creates a volume group descriptor at the start of the /dev/hda3 partition.
Create a volume group named "vg":

# vgcreate vg /dev/hda3

Create the logical volumes (just like creating partitions with fdisk):

# lvcreate -L3G -nportage  vg
# lvcreate -L3G -nccache vg
# vgdisplay vg | grep Free
Free  PE / Size       667 / 2.61 GB
# lvcreate -l 667 vg -n tmp (let "tmp" take up all the rest)

Now you should see portage, ccache and tmp in /dev/vg/
Create filesystems on the logical volumes:

# mkreiserfs /dev/vg/portage
# mkreiserfs /dev/vg/ccache
# mkreiserfs /dev/vg/tmp

Move the stuff in /usr/portage, /var/tmp/ccache and /var/tmp/portage to another place and mount the logical volumes, then move the stuff back:

# mv /usr/portage/* /root/portage
# mv /var/tmp/ccache/* /root/ccache
# mv /var/tmp/portage/* /root/tmp
# mount /dev/vg/portage /usr/portage
# mount /dev/vg/tmp /var/tmp/portage
# mount /dev/vg/ccache /var/tmp/ccache
# mv /root/portage/* /usr/portage
# mv /root/ccache/* /var/tmp/ccache
# mv /root/tmp/* /var/tmp/portage

Add the following lines to /etc/fstab:

# Logical volumes
/dev/vg/portage    /usr/portage      reiserfs  noatime   0 0
/dev/vg/ccache     /var/tmp/ccache   reiserfs  noatime   0 0
/dev/vg/tmp        /var/tmp/portage  reiserfs  noatime   0 0

Then if you restart your machine, all partitions will be automatically mounted.

Here comes the nice things about LVM, shrink logical volume "portage":

# umount /usr/portage/
# resize_reiserfs -s-1500M /dev/vg/portage (First, resize the filesystem)
# lvreduce -L-1500M /dev/vg/portage (resize the logical volume)
# mount /usr/portage

To extend a logical volume, we do it in a slightly different order:

# lvextend -L+1G /dev/vg/portage
# resize_reiserfs -f /dev/vg/portage (no need to umount nor specify size this time)

To add another physical partition to the volume group "vg":

# pvcreate /dev/hda9
# vgextend vg /dev/hda9

then you should be able to create more logical volumes.

Other useful commands:

# umount /dev/vg/tmp 
# lvremove /dev/vg/tmp (remove a logical volume)
# vgreduce vg /dev/hda9 (remove a physical volume from a group)
# vgchange -a n vg (deactivate a volume group)
# vgremove vg (remove a volume group)

P.S. I'm now thinking about the following scheme for dealing with portage stuff:
1) put /usr/portage on a reiserfs LV, perhaps 300MB is enough.

2) put sources in a directory other than /usr/portage/distfiles, probably /var/distfiles (may be on an independent ext3 LV).

3) put /var/tmp (which includes /var/tmp/ccache and /var/tmp/portage) on an ext2 LV, maybe 5G?

Install a Debian system in Gentoo

2006-01-31T14:08:00.000+08:00

Prepare a spare partition and mount it somewhere, say /mnt/debinst. Install debootstrap and run it:

Code:
# emerge -av debootstrap
# debootstrap --arch i386 sarge /mnt/debinst http://ftp.hk.debian.org/debian/

You can substitute any Debian archive mirror for http://ftp.hk.debian.org/debian/ in the command above, preferably a mirror close to you network-wise. Mirrors are listed at http://www.debian.org/misc/README.mirrors. If you have a sarge Debian GNU/Linux CD mounted at /cdrom, you could substitute a file URL instead of the http URL: file:/cdrom/debian/

Now chroot into the Debian system:

Code:
# chroot /mnt/debinst /bin/bash

Prepare a /etc/fstab and mount proc:

Code:
# nano -w /etc/fstab
# mount -t proc proc /proc

To configure networking, edit /etc/network/interfaces (take a look at /usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples/network-interfaces.gz):

Code:
cat > /etc/network/interfaces << "EOF"
######################################################################
# /etc/network/interfaces -- configuration file for ifup(8), ifdown(8)
# See the interfaces(5) manpage for information on what options are
# available.
######################################################################

# We always want the loopback interface.
#
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# To use dhcp:
#
 auto eth0
 iface eth0 inet dhcp

# An example static IP setup: (broadcast and gateway are optional)
#
# auto eth0
# iface eth0 inet static
#     address 192.168.0.42
#     network 192.168.0.0
#     netmask 255.255.255.0
#     broadcast 192.168.0.255
#     gateway 192.168.0.1
EOF

and /etc/hostname:

Code:
# echo DebianHostName > /etc/hostname

Set your timezone, add a normal user, and choose your apt sources by running:

Code:
# /usr/sbin/base-config new

To configure locale settings and upgrade glibc:

Code:
# apt-get install locales

Install a kernel:

Code:
# apt-cache search kernel-image
# apt-get install kernel-image-2.X.X-arch-etc

You should add modules you want automatically loaded to /etc/modules.
Now install a couple of system tools:

Code:
# apt-get install grub reiserfsprogs hdparm sudo hotplug
(If you want to install grub, do the following:)
# grub-install /dev/hda
# update-grub

Install some X stuff:

Code:
# apt-get install x-window-system-core kde-core mozilla-firefox

Now add an entry for your newly installed Debian system in your grub.conf and reboot!

Config files for mlterm

2005-12-26T16:41:00.000+08:00

/etc/mlterm/main

use_combining=true
font_size_range=5-50
scrollbar_view_name=sample
use_scrollbar=true
scrollbar_mode=right
mod_meta_mode=8bit
use_bidi=true
copy_paste_via_ucs=true
compose_dec_special_font=true
termtype=mlterm
icon_path=/usr/share/pixmaps/mlterm-icon-wmaker.png
# logsize=128
fontsize=14
use_anti_alias=true
# tabsize=8
use_xim=true
open_xim_in_startup=true
# use_login_shell=false
# ptys=1
# bel_mode=sound
use_transbg = true
brightness=80
# big5_buggy=false
# not_use_unicode_font=false
# only_use_unicode_font=false
# iso88591_font_for_usascii=false
# col_size_of_width_a=1
fg_color=white
bg_color=black
encoding=UTF-8
# fontsize=16
wall_picture =

/etc/mlterm/aafont

##
## Anti-aliased font settings for non-UTF8 encodings
##

ISO8859_1=Bitstream Vera Sans Mono-iso10646-1;
ISO8859_2=FreeMono-iso10646-1;
ISO8859_3=FreeMono-iso10646-1;
ISO8859_4=FreeMono-iso10646-1;
ISO8859_5=FreeMono-iso10646-1;
ISO8859_7=FreeMono-iso10646-1;
ISO8859_9=FreeMono-iso10646-1;
ISO8859_10=FreeMono-iso10646-1;
ISO8859_13=FreeMono-iso10646-1;
ISO8859_14=FreeMono-iso10646-1;
ISO8859_15=FreeMono-iso10646-1;
KOI8_R=Nimbus Mono L-iso10646-1;
KOI8_U=Nimbus Mono L-iso10646-1;
JISX0208_1978=Kochi Gothic-iso10646-1;
JISX0208_1983=Kochi Gothic-iso10646-1;
JISX0208_1990=Kochi Gothic-iso10646-1;
KSX1001_1997=dotum-iso10646-1;
BIG5=PMingLiu-iso10646-1;
GB2312_80=SimSun-iso10646-1;
GBK=SimSun-iso10646-1;

##
## Anti-aliased font settings for UTF8
##

## settings for UTF8 singlewidth (non-east Asian) characters

# This contains many characters including Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic.
# If you are willing to use UTF-8, you prefer to be able to use many
# characters, don't you?
ISO10646_UCS2_1=FreeMono-iso10646-1;
# If you use UTF-8 but the range of characters is limited to ISO-8859-1,
# you may use the following line instead of the above line.
#ISO10646_UCS2_1=Courier 10 Pitch-iso10646-1;

## settings for UTF8 doublewidth (east Asian) characters
#
# Since there are no TrueType fonts available which contains
# all of east Asian characters so far, you have to choose
# one of the following lines.

# Japanese speakers may want to enable the following setting.
ISO10646_UCS2_1_BIWIDTH=Kochi Gothic-iso10646-1;

# Korean speakers may want to enable the following setting.
#ISO10646_UCS2_1_BIWIDTH=dotum-iso10646-1;

# Traditional Chinese speakers may want to enable the following setting.
#ISO10646_UCS2_1_BIWIDTH=AR PL Mingti2L Big5-iso10646-1;

# Simplified Chinese speakers may want to enable the following setting.
#ISO10646_UCS2_1_BIWIDTH=AR PL SungtiL GB-iso10646-1;

Things about Bash

2005-12-24T01:59:00.000+08:00

Key combinations in Bash

Ctrl+a - Move cursor to the beginning of the command line.
Ctrl+c - End a running program and return the prompt.
Ctrl+d - Log out of the current shell session, equal to typing exit or logout.
Ctrl+e - Move cursor to the end of the command line.
Ctrl+h - Generate backspace character.
Ctrl+l - Clear this terminal.
Ctrl+r - Search command history.
Ctrl+u - Cut everything on the current line before the cursor.
Ctrl+w - Delete the word on the left of the cursor.
Ctrl+y - Paste text that was cut using ctrl-u.
Ctrl+z - Suspend a program.
ArrowLeft and ArrowRight - Move the cursor one place to the left or right on the command line, so that you can insert characters at other places than just at the beginning and the end.
ArrowUp and ArrowDown - Browse history. Go to the line that you want to repeat, eventually edit details, and press Enter to save time.
Shift+PageUp and Shift+PageDown - Browse terminal buffer (to see text that has "scrolled off" the screen).
Tab - Command or filename completion; when multiple choices are possible, the system will either signal with an audio or visual bell, or, if too many choices are possible, ask you if you want to see them all.
Tab Tab - Shows file or command completion possibilities.

About apropos
The command

Code:
# /usr/sbin/makewhatis

makes the database for tools like apropos and whatis from all of your manfiles. Apropos can then tell you programs whose manfiles include your specified word, and whatis prints out the summary of the program you specify.

Install Gentoo on Dell 700m

2004-12-28T15:06:00.000+08:00

I first built a base system for the laptop on my AMD desktop. I want to use the '-march=pentium-m' CFLAGS, which means you need gcc-3.4.x. So before bootstrapping, I did:

# emerge --nodeps --oneshot linux26-headers
# USE="bootstrap" emerge --nodeps --oneshot gcc

Another way to build a clean and stable toolchain:

# emerge linux26-headers && emerge linux26-headers glibc && emerge glibc binutils gcc && emerge binutils gcc

Take a look at: An emerge wrapper for correctly building the toolchain

NIC: b44, mii may also needed
Alsa: snd_intel8x0
USB mouse, hardisk: usbcore,ehci_hcd,usbhid,uhci_hcd,ohci_hcd,usb_storage

1280x800 resolution:
Modeline:
Need 855resolution patch
framebuffer: 1024x768 only; grub.conf line: video=vesa:1024x768-32@75

dri: need i915

CPU Frequency scaling: enable ('ondemand' cpufreq policy governor) AND (Use ACPI tables to decode valid frequency/voltage pairs) in kernel

Suspend to disk: swsusp2 works with 2.6.9-nitro4

Fonts: for best shape, emerge freetype-2.1.7 from glc; Chinese bold fonts may look blue-tinted, disable anti-alias for SimSun will fix it.

Watching DVDs with mplayer entails adding "-monitoraspect 1.6 (or 1280:800)" as an option.

Gentoo hardisk install on a windows only machine

2004-12-13T15:13:00.000+08:00

Let's say you only have windows on your machine, no floppy, no cdrom drive, and no vmware installed. But I assume you have successfully installed and set up Grub for DOS。

You need to have a vfat partition (which is also useful for exchanging files between linux and windows). After downloading the 2005.1 LiveCD iso, extract the files and directories from the LiveCD iso (using programs like ultraiso) and copy them over to the vfat partition.
Edit:It turns out Grub-for-DOS also works for ntfs partitions. Details please see: http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-p-3525073.html#3525073

Next, set up a Grub entry like this:

Code:
title Gentoo Livecd
root (hd0,4)
kernel /isolinux/gentoo root=/dev/ram0 init=/linuxrc looptype=squashfs loop=/livecd.squashfs cdroot=/dev/hda5 vga=791 splash=silent,theme:livecd-2005.1 CONSOLE=/dev/tty1
initrd /isolinux/gentoo.igz

If it's necessary, append the kernel options as listed in the isolinux/F*.msg files.

Knoppix can be used as a substitute (if you want a graphic environment while you install Gentoo). Take the 3.6 CD as an example, extract and copy over the 'isolinux' directory (it's in the boot directory) to a vfat partition, you also need to copy over the 'KNOPPIX' directory which is quite big. Then write your grub entry like this:

Code:
title Knoppix26 From HD 
root (hd0,6) 
kernel /isolinux/linux26 ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init lang=us apm=power-off vga=791 nomce BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix 
initrd /isolinux/minirt26.gz

Now boot with the Grub entry 'Gentoo Livecd'. After getting into a root shell, you may proceed as described in the handbook. Note that the stuff in /mnt/cdrom are just the files and directories on that vfat partition (here /dev/hda5)

The following scripts are useful for automatic installation, make adjustments if necessary.

step1：

Code:
#hdparm -d 1 /dev/hda   #(Activate DMA)
#mke2fs -j /dev/hda9   #(initialize the boot partition)
#mkswap /dev/hda10   #(initialize the swap partition)
swapon /dev/hda10   #(Activate the swap partition)
#mke2fs -j /dev/hda3   #(if you want to use ext3 for your root partition)
mkreiserfs -f /dev/hda3    #(if you want to use reiserfs)
#mkfs.xfs -f /dev/hda3   #(if you want to use xfs)
mount /dev/hda3 /mnt/gentoo   #(Mount the root partition)
#mkdir /mnt/gentoo/boot   #(Create the boot mountpoint)
#mount /dev/hda9 /mnt/gentoo/boot   #(Mount the boot partition)
echo "Now set your system time!  For instance, to set the date to October 29th, 16:21 in the year 2005, type: date 102916212005"

step2：

Code:
cd /mnt/gentoo   #(Go to the mountpoint where the root partition has been mounted)
tar xjvpf /mnt/cdrom/stages/stage3-x86-2005.1-r1.tar.bz2   #(Extract a stage3 tarball...)
tar -xvjf /mnt/cdrom/snapshots/portage-20050709.tar.bz2 -C /mnt/gentoo/usr   #(unpack a portage tree)
mkdir /mnt/gentoo/usr/portage/distfiles   #(Create a directory for distfiles)
cp /mnt/cdrom/distfiles/* /mnt/gentoo/usr/portage/distfiles/   #(copy over distfiles)
#nano -w /mnt/gentoo/etc/make.conf (Optional: edit make.conf)
cp -L /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/resolv.conf   #(Copy over nameserver information)
mount -t proc none /mnt/gentoo/proc   #(Mount the proc filesystem)
mount -o bind /dev /mnt/gentoo/dev  #(Mount-bind the /dev filesystem)
cp /mnt/cdrom/step3 /mnt/gentoo    #(Copy over the step3 script)
echo "
Now you can run step3!"
chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash   #(Chroot into the new environment)

step3：

Code:
env-update && source /etc/profile   #(Load the necessary variables)
export PS1="(chroot) $PS1"
emerge --metadata   #(Build the Portage cache to speed up future emerges)
cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Hongkong /etc/localtime   #(Set timezone information)
#nano -w /etc/make.conf   #(Optional: edit make.conf)
emerge genkernel   #(prepare to compile a kernel)
USE="-doc symlink" emerge gentoo-sources   #(install a kernel source)
genkernel --menuconfig all   #(save your config when exit)
emerge coldplug   #(install coldplug)
rc-update add coldplug default   #(Add it to the default runlevel)
nano -w /etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.6 #(List the modules you want automatically loaded)
nano -w /etc/fstab    #(edit fstab)
nano -w /etc/conf.d/hostname   #(Set the system hostname)
nano -w /etc/conf.d/domainname   #(Set the system domainname and NIS domain name)
rc-update add domainname default
echo 'config_eth0=( "dhcp" )
dhcp_eth0="nodns nontp nonis"' >> /etc/conf.d/net
rc-update add net.eth0 default
nano -w /etc/hosts
echo "Have fun with Gentoo!
" >> /etc/issue   #(Set the greeting message)
echo "
Now you need to set your root password!"
passwd
echo "tts/0" >> /etc/securetty   #(Let root to be able to log on through the serial console)
nano -w /etc/rc.conf   #(Further system configurations)
#nano -w /etc/conf.d/keymaps   
nano -w /etc/conf.d/clock
emerge syslog-ng   #(Installing a system logger)
rc-update add syslog-ng default
emerge slocate   #(Installing File Indexing tool)
emerge reiserfsprogs   #(Installing File System Tools)
#emerge xfsprogs
emerge dhcpcd   #(Installing a DHCP Client)
#emerge grub   #(If you want to keep your Grub-for-Dos，skip the following)
#cat > /boot/grub/grub.conf << "EOF"
#echo "default 0
#timeout 15
#color cyan/blue white/blue

#title=Gentoo Linux 2.6.12-r10
#root (hd0,2)
#kernel /boot/kernel-genkernel-x86-2.6.12-gentoo-r10 root=/dev/ram0 init=/linuxrc ramdisk=8192 real_root=/dev/hda3 udev
#initrd /boot/initramfs-genkernel-x86-2.6.12-gentoo-r10
#
#title=Windows XP
#rootnoverify (hd0,0)
#makeactive
#chainloader +1
#EOF
#grub
echo "OK, your system is ready, now you may exit and reboot!"

Copy these scripts onto that vfat partition, after booting into the livecd environment, type:

Code:
# /mnt/cdrom/step1

Set up time for your environment as instructed, then

Code:
# /mnt/cdrom/step2

When you see the message 'Now you can run step3!', you're in the chroot environment. Now execute the 'step3' script:

Code:
# /step3

You'll be promted to edit /etc/fstab, change root password, configure kernel and so on. Unless your machine is very slow, the whole installation process takes less than 1 hour. Try to keep things as simple as possible, once your base system is up, you can always take your time and configure it into anything you want it to be.

Save diskspace by recompiling glibc

2004-11-10T14:05:00.000+08:00

The idea is to keep the number of installed locales to the bare minimum.

Ever since sys-libs/glibc-2.3.4.20040619-r2 has been in Portage, a USE-flag called userlocales was provided to make sure only those locales mentioned in /etc/locales.build are to be built and installed. As a side-effect, this also leads to a much faster emerge of glibc.

Code: Activate the userlocales USE flag especially for glibc
# echo 'sys-libs/glibc userlocales' >> /etc/portage/package.use

Now specify the locales you want to be able to use:

Code:
# nano -w /etc/locales.build

only add the locales you need, like this:

en_HK.UTF-8/UTF-8
en_HK/ISO-8859-1
zh_CN.GB18030/GB18030
zh_CN.GBK/GBK
zh_CN.UTF-8/UTF-8
zh_CN/GB2312
zh_HK.UTF-8/UTF-8
zh_HK/BIG5-HKSCS
zh_TW.EUC-TW/EUC-TW
zh_TW.UTF-8/UTF-8
zh_TW/BIG5

All those locales supported by glibc can be viewed by unpacking the source, the file is /var/tmp/portage/glibc-......../work/glibc-........../localedata/SUPPORTED.

(Note: If this is the first time you compile glibc, skip the following steps).
Now let's start compiling glibc:

Code:
# emerge -B glibc

Then use localepurge script to delete all the locale files (you need to emerge localepurge and configure /etc/locale.nopurge first):

Code:
# localepurge

Finally, install the newly compiled glibc:

Code:
# emerge -k glibc

Mutimedia stuff

2004-10-29T13:16:00.000+08:00

To create avi or mpeg files from a DVD or VCD, first get disk info (such as titles, chapters, audio languages and subtitle languages) by using mplayer:

Code:
$ mplayer dvd:// -v (-aop list=volume,extrastereo:volume=120 -vf lavcdeint)
$ mencoder dvd://1 -chapter 20-22 -o tiger.avi -oac copy -ovc copy -alang en -slang zh
$ mencoder vcd://1 -ss 00:02:23 -of mpeg -o output.mpeg -oac mp3lame -ovc copy -endpos 00:00:15
$ mencoder dvd://1 -chapter 20 -o tiger.avi -oac mp3lame -ovc divx4 -aid 130 -sid 1 -endpos 50mb

Type 'mencoder -ovc help' to find out available video codecs.
A two pass procedure:

Code:
$ mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -aid 128 -o movie.avi -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vhq:vpass=1 -vf scale=640:480,crop=640:344:0:66,lavcdeint -vobsubout sub-en.txt -sid 1
$ mencoder dvd://1 -oac mp3lame -o movie.avi -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vhq:vpass=2 -vf scale=640:480,crop=640:344:0:66,lavcdeint

To create a mpg file that plays a photo slideshow,type:

Code:
$ img2mpg -d 4 -w sound.wav -o show.mpg -i /path/to/*.jpg

To merge 2 avi files, type:

Code:
$ avimerge -o big.avi -i small01.avi small02.avi

'Img2mpg' is one of the 'mjpegtools' while 'avimerge' belongs to 'transcode'; to verify, type:

Code:
$ qpkg -fp img2mpg

Note: img2mpg has been removed from mjpegtools > -1.6.1.90, it seems it has been incorporated into digikamplugins.
You must have installed 'gentoolkit' to use the 'qpkg' command.

Extracting audio from VOBs/MPEGs/AVIs

MPlayer can be used easily to extract sound. The -vo null options tells MPlayer not to show the video.

Code:
VOB -> AC3: 
$ mplayer -vo null -nogui -alang de -dumpaudio -dumpfile lang-de.ac3 *vob
This will extract the German audio to a file called lang-de.ac3.

Code:
VOB -> WAV: 
$ mplayer -vo null -nogui -aid 128 -ao pcm -aofile lang-de.wav *vob
This will extract audio track no. 128, downmix the AC3 sound to PCM and write the results to lang-de.wav.

Code:
MPG -> MP2: 
$ mplayer -vo null -nogui -dumpaudio -dumpfile audio.mp2 myvideo.mpg
This will extract the audio to a file called audio.mp2.

Code:
AVI -> WAV: 
mplayer -vo null -nogui -ao pcm -aofile audio.wav myvideo.avi
This will extract the audio, convert it to PCM and write the resulting .WAV to audio.wav.

I'm not listing all possible options. Generally use -dumpaudio -dumpfile newaudio.extension if you want to extract the audio without processing and -ao pcm -aofile newaudio.wav if you want the WAV itself. Here's a simple one-liner:

Code:
mplayer -ao pcm -aofile audio.wav video.vob ; normalize audio.wav ; oggenc audio.wav audio.ogg

The following is a simple command to rip vob files from a dvd:

Code:
$ mount /mnt/cdrom && vobcopy /mnt/cdrom -l -n 1 -O . -t "vob"

It will create a vob directory in the current directory. To convert these vob files into mpeg (from filename.vob to final.mpg):

Code:
$ tcextract -i filename.vob -t vob -x mpeg2 > movie.m2v
$ tcextract -i filename.vob -a 0 -x ac3 -t vob > movie.ac3
$ mplex -f 8 -o final.mpg movie.*

Konqueror also works, just mount the DVD and copy the vob files.

A ~/.asoundrc that works:

Code:
pcm.mymixer { 
     type dmix 
     ipc_key 1024 
     slave { 
         pcm "hw:0,0" 
         period_size 1024 
         buffer_size 8192 
     } 
     bindings { 
         0 0 
         1 1 
     } 
 } 
 
 pcm.!default { 
     type plug 
     slave.pcm "mymixer" 
 } 
 

 pcm.dsp0 { 
     type plug 
     slave.pcm "mymixer" 
 } 
 
 ctl.mixer0 { 
     type hw 
     card 0 
 }

Schubert's Piano Sonata No.21 D960

2004-10-22T18:29:00.000+08:00

Today I bought Kovacevich's EMI recording of Schubert's greatest piano sonata. I've got several recordings of this sonata already, namely those of Kempff, Curzon and Richter; they are very different interpretations, now I've got one more. I always like Kovacevich's Beethoven, yet this is his first Schubert CD I've got.

Among the great composers for the piano, Schubert was himself no virtuoso. This is reflected in the absence of bravura passages in his piano works which, perhaps with the exception of the Wanderer Fantasy, make no great technical demands on a performer. This is not to say that his piano works are easy to perform. On the contrary, as most of his piano sonatas display a flexibility of structure and an adventurous handling of harmony and tone, they cause problems to many players. A good pianist can make a big difference to what a Schubert's sonata should sound like, this is especially the case with his late sonatas; those are long musical soliloquies that constantly repeat and reformulate themes as if they were persistent memories. They may sound terribly boring if the player cannot bring out the cogency of the longer spans; in the hands of a great player, however, they become the most sublime and breath-taking music. Kovacevich is certainly an artist of such caliber; his account sounds fresh and bold, yet not without introspectiveness; the tonal beauty and depths of feeling he brings to this sonata is very impressive indeed.

His complete Beethoven cycle is available now, it's simply a matter of time before I grab a box; it costs about US$100, I guess I need to wait for a sale.

用dnscache做dns resolver

2004-10-22T18:10:00.000+08:00

此文最初发表于LinuxSir论坛：http://www.linuxsir.org/bbs/showthread.php?s=&threadid=93585&highlight=djbdns

djbdns 是bind的最佳替代品；它比bind小，安全，容易设置。dnscache只是djbdns的一个组件，主要是用来处理user queries的caching DNS server。这有一篇文章是介绍djbdns的，是FreeBSD的设置，和gentoo是不大一样的：http://ezine.daemonnews.org/200210/ezdjbdns.html，不过可以了解一下原理。
安装dnscache很简单：

代码:# emerge djbdns

# dnscache-setup

dnscache会被(缺省)安装到/var/dnscache下，回答完一些有关ip的问题之后，会产生一个新的/etc/resov.conf，原本的会备份为resolv.conf.orig。然后启动服务：

代码:# /etc/init.d/svscan start

# rc-update add svscan default

然后试一下：

代码:# host www.gentoo.org

www.gentoo.org has address 199.246.73.203

www.gentoo.org has address 198.63.211.235



注：host命令属于net-dns/bind-tools

cache 的大小是可以改的(缺省是1m)，只要修改/var/dnscache/env/CACHESIZE里的数字即可。 /var/dnscache/env/DATALIMIT也要做相应的改动，而且必须比CACHESIZE大。如果你的cache大小是10m，这10m 的DNS lookups会令到你经常去的网站的resolving的过程变得飞快！

有關系統備份

2004-10-19T21:45:00.000+08:00

此文最初發表於Gentoo台灣論壇: http://forums.gentoo.org.tw/viewtopic.php?t=41975

大家都知道要做資料備份及設定檔的備份。但有沒有想過做整個系統的備份呢？例如自己不小心rm -rf或是chmod -R 777敲得太快後面打了/ 之後還沒來得及打目錄就按了Enter；系統被入侵；斷電導致整個硬碟完蛋；又或是系統被自己莫名其妙地搞壞了最終都不懂怎麼修復等等。這時候似乎只有重裝了，但Gentoo重裝可不是一件輕鬆的事喔！如果你做了整個系統的備份就不用怕了！Windows裡有Ghost，linux下有Partimage和Mondorescue，但始終我還是覺得unix常見的工具反而是最具靈活性的。

用LiveCD或Knoppix開機，並將根分區掛好：/mnt/gentoo。如果你的/boot，/usr用的是獨立的分區或硬碟，你必須把它們分別掛到/mnt/gentoo/boot ，/mnt/gentoo/usr等目錄裡。然後：

代碼:
# cd /mnt/gentoo
# tar -cz --exclude-from /mnt/gentoo/root/exclude-list -iv * | split -a 1 
-b 700m - /path/to/mybackup.tar.gz-

這樣會產生好幾個包mybackup.tar.gz-a， mybackup.tar.gz-b等等，每個最大700m（方便燒碟）。exclude-list可以事先寫好，類似這樣：
usr/portage/distfiles
var/tmp/portage
home/yourusername/music
home/yourusername/video

並放到你的gentoo分區的/root裡。
注意存放備份包的地方要有足夠的空間，如果在不同的分區，事先要掛好。
還原的時候，先要在有關的分區上重建檔案系統，並象以上所說的那樣掛載好，然後：

代碼:
# cd /mnt/gentoo
# cat /path/to/mybackup.tar.gz-* | tar xzvpf

為什麼要用LiveCD啟動呢？這是因為運行中的系統並非靜態，不應該簡單地去tar根目錄；有的程序如partimage甚至要求卸載備份的分區。當然也有可以在運行中的系統做完全備份的程序啦，Mondorescue就是一個例子；這些程序都頗為複雜，不過有興趣的朋友可以自己試試。

我自己有個分區裝了個後備系統。這樣每當其他系統出了問題，我不至於沒機子用。這個後備系統我平時很少用，更不會去瞎调；但我機子的grub是從這裡裝的，備份或搶修其他分區也是在這裡做的。這個後備系統本來是Knoppix的硬碟安裝（因為現在Knoppix硬碟安裝實在是太容易了），不過我已經把它換成了gentoo了（已經有了備份就什麼都不用怕了）！

LinuxSir論壇的gao_linfeng寫過一篇使用dd的備份方案挺有意思的: http://bbs.linuxsir.org/showthread.php?s=&threadid=113474

另外，如果想備份partition table，可以：

代碼:
# dd if=/dev/hda of=mbr.bak bs=512 count=1

還原：

代碼:
# dd of=/dev/hda if=mbr.bak bs=512 count=1

win4lin在Gentoo Linux 2.6内核下的安装

2004-10-18T10:16:00.000+08:00

此文最初發表於Gentoo官方論壇: http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic.php?t=171727&highlight=
此中文版轉自Gentoo中文社區，並經Hans Joanphan校定: http://gentoo.linuxsir.org/doc/cn/win4lin.xml

1. 从Portage中安装win4lin

如果你的内核选用win4lin-sources-2.6.7-r5，这个内核相对gentoo-dev-sources-2.6.7-r14要简陋一些，安装win4lin则可直接使用。

代码 1.1: win4lin-sources-2.6.7-r5下的安装

# ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="~x86" emerge win4lin



注释：这个不推荐使用。

2. 手动安装win4lin

相对来说，内核gentoo-dev-sources-2.6.7-r14则比较常用些，打的补丁也比较多，功能比较丰富。但是portage中并不可以直接在这个基础上安炸win4lin，我们可以手动安装。

首先从这儿下载内核补丁：mki-adapter26_1_3_6.patch和Kernel-Win4Lin3-2.6.7.patch
然后准备编译内核，先把内核源码备份一下，如下：

代码 2.1: 备份内核源码

# cd /usr/src

# cp -a linux-2.6.7-gentoo-r14 win4lin

# rm linux

# ln -s win4lin linux

# cd linux

# nano -w Makefile



注释：修改“EXTRAVERSION = ”，比如改成“-win4lin-r14”之类以便识别

把下载的mki-adapter26_1_3_6.patch和Kernel-Win4Lin3-2.6.7.patch拷到目录下，然后给内核打补丁：

代码 2.2: 给内核打补丁# patch -p1 < Kernel-Win4Lin3-2.6.7.patch > patch.log 2>&1

# patch -p1 < mki-adapter26_1_3_6.patch >> patch.log 2>&1

# less patch.log

如果patch.log里没错误，就可以开始编译kernel了。注意以下这些要编进kernel：

Enable loadable module support
System V IPC
Kernel support for ELF binaries
Networking support
TCP/IP networking
ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem support
Include NeTraverse Win4Lin Support

编译完成后，用新的内核重启。

3. 配置win4lin

如果你想确认win4lin是否已经正确的编入内核中，你可以：

代码 3.1: 确认win4lin是否编入内核# modprobe mki-adapter

# cat /proc/mki-adapter/version



注释：按照本文的安装方法，应该显示为1.3.6。如果在使用modprobe或cat发生错误，

你新编译的内核可能未正确的编译好或启动。

确认win4lin已经编入内核后，便可以安装win4lin：

代码 3.2: 安装win4lin# emerge -O win4lin

现在的稳定版是win4lin-5.1.1，可以到/var/db/pkg/app-emulation下看看。
把windows CD放入光驱，进行初始设定：

代码 3.3: win4lin的初始化# mount /mnt/cdrom

# ebuild /var/db/pkg/app-emulation/win4lin-5.1.1/win4lin-5.1.1.ebuild config



注释：如果显示有问题可以先启动win4lin服务，

# /etc/init.d/Win4Lin start

然后用以上ebuild。。。那个指令再试一次。

完成之后，用一个有效的license号码代替/var/win4lin/install下license.lic里那个。然后便可以启动服务和安装windows：

代码 3.4: 安装windows# /etc/init.d/Win4Lin start   (或restart，如果你之前已经启动了服务的话)

// 最好以普通用户身份安装windows

$ installwindows

在询问网络的安装方式的时候，可以选择Winsock模式。接着就可以看到windows的安装画面了。最后将win4lin添加到默认运行级别中，即可每次电脑启动后直接使用你的win4lin了。

代码 3.5: 添加Win4lin到默认运行级别# rc-update add Win4Lin default

Gentoo Linux

2004-10-17T13:32:00.000+08:00

I've been using linux for quite some time now, Gentoo linux is my distribution of choice. Here's a screenshot of my KDE desktop:

Welcome to my blog!

2004-10-17T13:10:00.000+08:00

So suddenly I've become a blogger!
现在就开始我的博客生涯吧！
現在就開始我的部落客生涯吧！